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Today’s Tallahassee is a community where tradition and family are important. Government offices share the largest sector of the labor force, followed by services and retail trade. Two universities, Florida State University and Florida A & M, and Tallahassee Community College attract highly educated professionals and researchers. In recent years, Tallahassee has become home to super computers and the National High Magnetic Laboratory.

Tallahassee is in the northern part of Florida, capital of the state, and seat of Leon County. In addition to being the seat of state government, Tallahassee is an education center and a hub for a fertile farming region.

Among the city's points of interest are the Old Capitol, built in 1845 and added to in 1902, now a museum; the Black Archives Research Center and Museum, based on the campus of Florida A&M University, with a collection of more than 500,000 documents and artifacts; and the Museum of Florida History, which houses the state archives as well as archaeological and historical exhibits. There are several archaeological sites in the area, including the Lake Jackson Indian Mounds, the remains of a ceremonial center that flourished in the region between 1200 and 1500; and the San Luis Archaeological and Historic Site, which features both ongoing excavations and a reconstructed 17th-century Apalachee chief's home. Parts of the Apalachicola National Forest are nearby.

The Spanish explorer Hernando de Soto visited the site of modern Tallahassee during the winter of 1539-1540 and found an Apalachee village. Nearly 100 years later, the Franciscans founded 16 missions in the area, the most important being San Luis de Talimali. After the United States officially acquired Florida from Spain in 1821, the site of Tallahassee was chosen as the capital of the territory of Florida because of its location midway between the population centers of Saint Augustine and Pensacola. The legislature met for the first time in Tallahassee in 1824, and the city incorporated in 1825. During the American Civil War (1861-1865), it was the only Confederate capital east of the Mississippi River not captured by Union troops. The community's name is taken from an Apalachee term meaning “old town” or “abandoned fields.”

Tallahassee covers a land area of 163.4 sq km (63.1 sq mi), with a mean elevation of 49 m (160 ft). According to the 1990 census, whites are 68.2 percent of the population, blacks 29.1 percent, Asians and Pacific Islanders 1.8 percent, and Native Americans 0.2 percent. The remainder are of mixed heritage or did not report ethnicity. Hispanics, who may be of any race, are 3.1 percent of the people. Population 81,548 (1980); 124,773 (1990); 136,628 (1998 estimate).